c. Ambient light sensor: micro force sensor is another sensor which is installed on mobile devices to prevent excessive usage of the mobile battery. When the device is exposed to the daylight settings, the brightness and contrast properties of the phone are automatically adjusted to provide an optimal display. The sensor can detect the presence of light based on the photo diodes that are present in its system, and act accordingly on the device.

d. Accelerometer: Most phones automatically tilt the display of the phone from portrait format to landscape, depending on how the phone is held by the user. This feature is provided by the accelerometer. Accelerometers can detect the orientation of the device with reference to a static frame. Apart from the display screen, this feature is also available on the device cameras as well.

e. Back-illuminated sensors: This is an advanced electronic sensor that only the latest tablets and smartphones provide. The digital camera of the device can detect the amount of light it receives when a photo is clicked, and can intelligently change the amount of light captured for the final photo.

Why the concern over sensor sizes, and what’s that got to do with lenses? If you consider that a lens projects a circular image onto the back of the camera and where the sensor is mounted, the diameter of that ‘image circle’ will determine whether or not it will completely cover the sensor. A lens designed for a full frame camera will certainly do that for both APS-C and FF sensors, but one designed for APS-C cameras will only have an image circle large enough to cover the APS-C sensor.

Middle Hollow force sensor between the two designs by marking its APS-C-only lenses (sometimes called digital-only) with EF-S while full frame lenses are designated EF. Similarly, Nikon designates theirs as DX and FX for APS-C and full frame, respectively. If you try to attach an EF-S lens to a full frame Canon DSLR, for example, it won’t go. One of the reasons that the manufacturer intentionally makes the mounts incompatible is that the image circle of the EF-S lens will not completely cover the sensor. They are knowingly preventing you from taking ‘vignetted’ shots with dark corners. Conversely, however, you can certainly attach an EF lens to either an APS-C or a pro level Canon DSLR.

Having made that last statement, some further qualification is required. Imagine that full frame lens projecting an image whose circle more than adequately covers the FF sensor from corner to corner. If you were to project that same image circle onto the much smaller APS-C sensor, the sensor is now only intercepting a fraction of the image circle that the FF sensor intercepted. As a result, the APS-C sensor only ‘sees’ a fraction of the image ‘seen’ by the FF sensor. This is equivalent to zooming in on the full frame image, and is called crop factor. It is typically about 1.6 times between the two formats.

Note that crop factor refers to the sensor size ratio and is not affected by the lens, as long as the focal length of the lens is constant in both cases. So, if we attached a 50mm lens to an APS-C camera and an 80mm lens to a full frame camera, they would capture images that were approximately the same. This is because the 50mm lens on the APS-C camera apparently magnifies the focal length to 50mmx1.6=80mm.

So how does this affect your lens purchases today? Let’s say you’re currently using an 3 axis force sensor, but want to advance to a FF camera in the future. After all, these large sensor camera bodies are becoming more and more attractively priced, and offer generally better noise performance at higher ISO settings. If you buy all your lenses now in EF-S or DX format, you will have to sell the lot when you buy the pro level body, and will have to buy a complete suite of EF or FX lenses instead. If, however, you buy full frame lenses now, you will not only be able to use them on your current camera but on your future one as well.

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